Cooling system for internal-combustion engines.



. 0. w. BAKER. COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY10,1912.

Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

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CHARLES WRITING BAKER, OF HON'I'CLAIR, NEW JEBS EY.

COOLING $YSTEH FOR INTEBNALGOMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification 0! Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

Hm!!! application lled Intel! ,0, 1912, serial No. E045. Divided and this application filed In! 10, 1912. Serial No. 708,575.

To alZ w/wm it ma concern:

Be it known t at 1, CHARLES WHI'I'ING BAKER, a citizen of the United States, residin at Montcl'air, in the county of Essex and tate of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cooling Systems for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The resent a plication is a division of an app ication fi ed by me March 20, 1912, Serial No. 685,045, and the improvement consists in ads ting the internal splash cooling system or internal combustion engines shown in my 'U. S. Patent No. 1,016,603 for use with engines of the twostroke cycle type, and with other im rovements in the construction of interna combustion engines described in said applica- 'tion Serial No. 685,045, and in my application Serial No. 708,574.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section through the cylinder of a two-stroke cycle engine having an air compressing cylinder tandem therewith; and Fig. 2, is a side elevation of the same at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 1.

Similar reference numerals indicate similar parts in the several views.

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the cylinder head 1 is made hollow and provided with a water-jacket space 2, but there is no water-jacket on the barrel 3 of the cylinder, which is cast separate from the head. A limited quantity of cooling water is delivered by the pipe t into the jackets ace on the head 1 and overflows through t e pipe 5 into the space 6 between the oil engine piston 7 and the tandem air-compressing piston 8. By the rapid up and down motion of these pistons the water between them is thrown up and-down and is s lashed forcibly against the idle faces of tiiese pistons, the barrel of the air-compressing cylinder and the interior surface of the trunk 9 of the upper piston 7 at each stroke.

. The inner surface of. the cylinder 3 absorbs heat from the gases of combustion, and imparts this heat to the outer surface of the splash-cooled trunk of the piston 2, just as in the ordinary construction the barrel of the cylinder, cooled by the water-jacket, absorbs heat from the piston trunk which moves over it, but the direction of heat flow is now reversed. It will be seen that by this method of cooling, the cylinder barrel 3 receives and gives up heat from the same surface and does not have to transmit heat through the cylinder wall, hence differences of temperature and consequent stresses in the cylinder inevitable in the ordinary construction are avoided by this method of cooling. This bonstruction also avoids diillculties hereto-fore experienced with two-stroke cycle engines in the overheating and burning out of the bridges between the exhaust orts 10 near the bottom of the gas cylinder. 11 cylinders cast with a water-jacket the cooling effect of the water-jacket cannot reach these bridges, which are exposed at each revolution to the blast of the hot exhaust gases. By my improved construction, however, these bridges are 'in contact with the splash-cooled trunk of the piston 7 all the time except during the brief interval of exhaust and scavenging. In order to prevent the cooling water from being carried upward between the trunk 9 and the cylinder barrel 3 and escaping through the exhaust ports, I provide packing rings 11 at the bottom of the cylinder barrel. The splashing water is turned into steam by contact with the hot surfaces and is carried oil by the pipe 12, Fig. 2, together with a considerable amount of entrained water so that no deposit of solid matter will take place in the cylinder as might occur if all the water were turned into steam. The amount of water fed to the jacket on the head through the pipe 4 is such that a surplus is available for passing off with the steam. The flow of steam andwater from the chamber between the pistons is further stimulated by the action of the pie-- tons. By reason of the different diameters of the gas. piston 7 and the air piston 8, the steam will be compressed on the upward stroke and expanded on the return stroke.

by merely removing t To avoid thesurging of steam back into the space between the pistons from the pipe 12, a checkwalve 13 1s placed thereon. The steam carried off by pipe 12 is carried to a reservoir and may there be used for power generation in connection with the compressed air produced by the piston 8 by the system described by me in U. S. Patent No. 1,016,603, or it may be condensed and used over again for cooling purposes. In either case, I prefer to feed a small quantity of graphite or some similar solid lubricant with the cooling water since it will effectively lubricate both the piston 8 and the packing rings '11. Moreover, minute particles of graphite-charged water will leak past the packing rings 11. The water Wlll be i'lashed into steam by contact with the hot cylinder barrel but the graphite will mix with the oil used to lubricate the piston 7 and will aid in its perfect lubrication.

It will be seen that the cooling effect of the piston-trunk 9 on the cylinder barrel 3 is greatest at the lower end where the two are in contact nearly all the time, and least on the u per part of the cylinder, where the cylin er surface is exposed to the hot gases most of the time. The gases are also at highest temperature in the upper part of the cylinder before they are expanded and cooled. To insure the cooling of this upper portion 14 of the cylinder barrel it is cast as part of the head, and the jacket on the head is carried down along it. A further advantage of this method of construction is that the joint 15 between the head and barrel is brought so low that the piston passes over it before high compression pressure is reached and liability to leakage through it is reduced. Also by this construction when the oil engine piston is at the upper end of its stroke it can be ex osed for examination he cylinder head.

What I claim is: I

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and a trunk piston reciprocating therein, a second cylinder tandem with the engine cylinder providing a space into which the lower part of the trunk piston is moved in its reciprocations, a piston in said tandem cylinder and means for reciprocating the same, and means for introducing water into the space between said pistons, whereby during the reciprocations of said pistons the water will be splashed for the purposes described.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a trunk iston reciprocating therein, a second cylin er tandem with the gas cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder tandem with the trunk piston and reciprocating therewith, and means for supplying water to the space between the pistons whereby during such reciprocations the idle faces of said pistons and the cylinder surfaces confining the splashing water will be drenched therewith.

3. In a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a trunk piston reciprocating therein, a second cylinder tandem with the gas cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder and means for reciprocating the same, means for introducing water into the space between the pistons whereby during the reciprocations of the pistons the water will be splashed into the trunk piston, and packing rin at the bottom of the cylinder in which t e trunk piston reciprocates to exclude the water from said cylinder.

4. In a single-actin internal combustion engine of the two-stro e cycle type, a c linder and a trunk piston reciprocating t erein, said cylinder having exhaust ports and said trunk piston adapted in its reciprocations to cover said ports, a second cylinder tandem with the gas cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder and means for reciprocating the same, and means for supplying water to the space between the pistons whereby during the reciprocations of the pistons the water will be splashed into the trunk piston for the urpose described. v

5. An internal com ustion engine having the cylinder thereof formed in two parts, the upper portion of the cylinder barrel being cast with the head and provided with a water jacket, and the lower ortion of the barrel having inlet and exliaust passages and with no surrounding water jacket, 8. piston reciprocating in said cylinder, a piston tandem with said cylinder .piston, and means for introducing water into the space between the two pistons, whereby during the reciprocations of the pistons the water will be splashed for the purpose described.

6. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine having a cylinder and a trunk pis-.

ton reciprocating therein, the barrel of said cylinder being cast without a water jacket, and having exhaust ports and packing below said-ports, a piston tandem with said trunk piston, and means for supplying water to the space between the pistons whereb during the reciprocations of said pistons t e water will be splashed for the purpose described.

7. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, a cylinder and a trunk piston reciprocating therein, a single acting air compressing piston tandem with the trunk piston, means for supplying water to the space between the istons whereby said pistons and the cylin er in which they reciprocate will be cooled by the water splash, and means for drawing ofi steam and surplus water from said space.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder, a trunk piston reciprocating there- In testimony whereof I have hereunto in a second piston also reciprocating 1n signed my name in the presence of two subsald cylinder, and means for admitting wascribing witnesses.

ter into the space between said pistons, CHARLES WHITING BAKER. whereby during the reciprocations of the Witnesses: pistons the water between them will be M. E. MGNINQH,

splashed for the purpose described. CHARLES S. JONES. 

